Iinkcukacha kunye neendidi zeiipali zezibane zesitalato zelangainokwahluka ngokwemveliso, ummandla, kunye nemeko yesicelo. Ngokubanzi, iipali zezibane zesitalato zelanga zinokuhlulwa ngokweempawu ezilandelayo:
Ukuphakama: Ukuphakama kweepali zezibane zesitalato zelanga kudla ngokuba phakathi kweemitha ezi-3 kunye neemitha ezili-12, kwaye ukuphakama okuthe ngqo kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zokukhanyisa kunye nendawo yokufakelwa. Ngokubanzi, iipali zezibane zesitalato ezinobubanzi bendlela obumxinwa okanye izibane zendlela ziphantsi, ngelixa iipali zezibane zesitalato ezindleleni eziphambili okanye kwiindlela ezinkulu ziphezulu. Ukuphakama kweepali zezibane kufumaneka ngokubanzi kwiinkcukacha ezifana neemitha ezi-6, iimitha ezi-8, iimitha ezili-10, kunye neemitha ezili-12. Phakathi kwazo, iipali zezibane zemitha ezi-6 zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiindlela zoluntu, ezinobubanzi obuphezulu obuyi-60-70mm kunye nobubanzi obuphantsi obuyi-130-150mm; Iipali zezibane zemitha ezi-8 zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiindlela zasezidolophini ngokubanzi, ezinobubanzi obuphezulu obuyi-70-80mm kunye nobubanzi obuphantsi obuyi-150-170mm; Iipali zezibane zemitha ezili-10 zine-diameter ephezulu eyi-80-90mm kunye nobubanzi obuphantsi obuyi-170-190mm; Iipali zokukhanya eziziimitha ezili-12 zinobubanzi obuphezulu obuyi-90-100mm kunye nobubanzi obuphantsi obuyi-190-210mm.
Ubukhulu bodonga lwepali yokukhanya buyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubude. Ubukhulu bodonga lwepali yokukhanya eyimitha ezi-6 ngokubanzi abuyi ngaphantsi kwe-2.5mm, ubukhulu bodonga lwepali yokukhanya eyimitha ezi-8 abuyi ngaphantsi kwe-3.0mm, ubukhulu bodonga lwepali yokukhanya eyimitha ezili-10 abuyi ngaphantsi kwe-3.5mm, kwaye ubukhulu bodonga lwepali yokukhanya eyimitha ezili-12 abuyi ngaphantsi kwe-4.0mm.
Izinto: Iipali zezibane zesitalato zelanga zenziwe kakhulu ngezi zinto zilandelayo:
a. Intsimbi: Iipali zezibane zesitalato zentsimbi zinamandla okumelana noxinzelelo kunye nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo, kwaye zifanelekile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Iipali zezibane zesitalato zentsimbi zihlala zitshizwa ngepeyinti yokulwa nomhlwa phezu komhlaba ukuze zomeleze ukuqina.
b. I-aluminium alloy: Iipali zezibane zesitalato ze-aluminium alloy zikhaphukhaphu kwaye zinokumelana nokugqwala okuhle, zifanelekile kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni.
c. Intsimbi engatyiwayo: Iipali zezibane zesitalato zentsimbi engatyiwayo zinamandla okumelana nokugqwala kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation, kwaye ziyakwazi ukumelana nemozulu enzima.
Imilo: Iipali zezibane zesitalato zelanga zinokwahlulwa zibe zezi ntlobo zilandelayo ngokwemilo yazo:
a. Ipali ethe tye: Ipali elula ethe nkqo, kulula ukuyifaka, ifanelekile kwiindawo ezininzi.
b. Ipali egobileyo: Uyilo lwepali egobileyo luhle ngakumbi, kwaye ukugoba kungalungiswa njengoko kufuneka, kulungele imiboniso ekhethekileyo efana nokukhanya kwembonakalo yomhlaba.
c. Ipali ethambileyo: Ipali enciphileyo ityebile kwaye incinci, kwaye izinzile kwaye inomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo. Indlela yokufaka: Iindlela zokufakela iipali zokukhanya zesitalato zelanga zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezifakwe ngaphakathi kunye neentlobo zeflange. I-Embedded ifanelekile kwiindawo ezinomhlaba othambileyo, kwaye uhlobo lweflange lufanelekile kwiindawo ezinomhlaba oqinileyo.
Ezi zilandelayo ziintlobo ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zeepali zezibane zesitalato zelanga:
01 Ipali yokukhanya yengalo ezigobayo
Ipali yokukhanya yengalo ezigobayo yipali yokukhanya yesitalato eyenzelwe ngokukodwa enengalo egobileyo ngokwendalo phezulu. Olu yilo lunobuhle obuthile kunye nokwahluka, kwaye luhlala lusetyenziswa kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke ezifana nezibane zendalo zasezidolophini, iipaki, izikwere, kunye nezitalato zabahambi ngeenyawo. Iipali zokukhanya zengalo ezigobayo zihlala zenziwe ngentsimbi, i-aluminium alloy okanye intsimbi engatyiwayo, kwaye ukuphakama kunye nenqanaba elifanelekileyo lokugoba kunokukhethwa ngokwemeko yokusetyenziswa kunye neemfuno. Inkqubo yokuvelisa iipali zokukhanya zengalo ezigobayo iyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye kufuneka izixhobo ezizodwa zokucubungula ukwenza ukugoba okushushu, ukugoba okubandayo okanye ezinye iindlela zokwenza ingalo yesibane ifikelele kwimo efanelekileyo yokugoba.
Xa ukhetha isibane sengalo esizigobayo, qaphela la manqaku alandelayo:
Izinto: Khetha izinto ezifanelekileyo, ezifana nentsimbi, i-aluminium alloy okanye intsimbi engatyiwayo, ngokwemeko-bume yokusetyenziswa kwayo kunye neemeko zemozulu.
02 Ipali yesibane engalweni engu-A
Ipali yesibane yengalo ye-A luyilo oluqhelekileyo lwepali yesibane yesitalato, oluphawulwa yingalo yesibane enomfanekiso we-A, yiyo loo nto libizwa njalo. Olu hlobo lwepali yesibane lunesakhiwo esilula kwaye kulula ukuyifaka. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zokukhanyisa zikawonke-wonke ezifana neendlela zasezidolophini, izikwere, iipaki, kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Iipali zesibane zengalo ye-A zihlala zenziwe ngentsimbi, i-aluminium alloy okanye intsimbi engatyiwayo, kwaye zinokumelana okunamandla koxinzelelo kunye nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukuqina kwayo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, umphezulu uhlala uphathwa ngokutshiza, ukupeyinta okanye ukugalela i-galvanizing.
03 Ipali yesibane sengalo yeConch
Ipali yesibane sengalo yekhonksi luyilo olukhethekileyo nolunobugcisa lwepali yesibane sesitalato. Njengoko igama lisitsho, ingalo yayo yesibane ikwimo ejikelezayo, efana nobume obukwiqokobhe lekhonksi, nto leyo entle. Iipali zesibane sengalo yekhonksi zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke ezifana nokukhanyisa indawo, izikwere, iipaki, kunye nezitalato zabahambi ngeenyawo ukongeza umoya owahlukileyo kunye nemiphumo ebonakalayo.
Xa ukhetha kwaye ufaka iipali zezibane zesitalato ezidityaniswe ngelanga, ezi zinto kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo, ukhuseleko kunye nobuhle bezixhobo. Khetha umenzi onedumela elihle kunye namava okwenza ngokwezifiso kunye nokufakela ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso kunye nobomi benkonzo.
Ukongeza, kukho imigangatho ethile yeepali zezibane zesitalato zelanga. Ubukhulu kunye nobukhulu beflengi ezantsi kwepole kufuneka buhambelane nokuphakama kunye namandla epleyiti. Umzekelo, kwipali yeemitha ezi-6, ubukhulu beflengi buhlala buyi-14-16mm, kwaye ubukhulu buyi-260mmX260mm okanye i-300mmX300mm; kwipali yeemitha ezi-8, ubukhulu beflengi buyi-16-18mm, kwaye ubukhulu buyi-300mmX300mm okanye i-350mmX350mm.
Ipali kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nomthwalo othile womoya. Xa isantya somoya singama-36.9m/s (esilingana nomoya wenqanaba le-10), ipali akufuneki ibe nokuguquguquka okucacileyo kunye nomonakalo; xa iphantsi kwe-torque echaziweyo kunye nomzuzu wokugoba, ukuphambuka okuphezulu kwepali akufuneki kudlule i-1/200 yobude bepali.
Wamkelekile ukuba uqhagamshelane nomenzi wezibane zesitalato zelanga uTianxiang kuFunda ngokugqithisileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-19-2025