Inkungu neshawa zixhaphakile. Kwezi meko zingabonakali kangako, ukuqhuba okanye ukuhamba endleleni kunokuba nzima kubaqhubi nakubahambi ngeenyawo, kodwa itekhnoloji yanamhlanje yokukhanyisa indlela ye-LED inika abahambi uhambo olukhuselekileyo.
Isibane sendlela se-LEDngumthombo wokukhanya okubandayo we-solid-state, oneempawu zokukhusela okusingqongileyo, akukho ngcoliseko, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle okukhanyayo, kunye nobomi obude. Ke ngoko, ukukhanya kwendlela ye-LED kuya kuba lolona khetho lubalaseleyo lokuhlaziya ukukhanyisa kwendlela okonga amandla. Ukukhanya kwendlela ye-LED ngumthombo wokukhanya we-solid-state osebenza kakuhle kakhulu osekelwe kwi-semiconductor pn junction, enokukhupha ukukhanya ngamandla ombane abuthathaka. Phantsi kwe-voltage ethile ye-bias positive kunye ne-injection current, imingxunya ifakwa kwi-p-region kwaye ii-elektroni ezifakwa kwi-n-region ziyasasazeka kwindawo esebenzayo emva kokuphinda kukhanye ngemitha kwaye zikhuphe ii-photon, ziguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla ombane abe ngamandla okukhanya. Ukukhanya kwendlela ye-LED ngumthombo wokukhanya we-solid-state osebenza kakuhle kakhulu osekelwe kwi-semiconductor pn junction, enokukhupha ukukhanya ngamandla ombane abuthathaka. Phantsi kwe-voltage ethile ye-bias positive kunye ne-injection current, imingxunya ifakwa kwi-p-region kwaye ii-elektroni ezifakwa kwi-n-region ziyasasazeka kwindawo esebenzayo emva kokuphinda kukhanye ngemitha kwaye zikhuphe ii-photon, ziguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla ombane abe ngamandla okukhanya.
Iingenelo zokukhanya kwendlela ze-LED xa kukho inkungu nemvula zingabonakala kwiinkalo ezintathu:
1. Indlela ecacileyo yokukhanya okukhutshiweyo;
2. Iimpawu zobude be-wave be-LED ezimhlophe;
3. Ubuninzi bale wavelength xa ithelekiswa neminye imithombo yokukhanya.
Umahluko phakathi kwezibane ze-LED kunye nazo zonke ezinye izikhanyiso yi-wavelength elawulayo apho ikhupha khona amandla, kunye nendlela amathontsi amanzi adibana okanye achaphazela ngayo umqadi kuloo wavelength, ingakumbi njengoko ubungakanani bamathontsi amanzi butshintsha.
Imithombo yokukhanya ekhupha amandla okukhanya kwiiwavelengths eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ze-spectrum ebonakalayo, njengee-LED, isebenza ngcono kuneminye imithombo yokukhanya kwiimeko ezingabonakaliyo kangako.
Ukukhanya kummandla oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuluhlu lwe-spectral kunee-wavelengths ezimfutshane kunokukhanya kummandla obomvu. Ii-particles zomphunga wamanzi emoyeni zihlala zidlula ukukhanya kuluhlu oluphuzi-orenji-obomvu, kodwa zihlala zisasaza ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Oku kusenokubangelwa kukuba ii-particles zamanzi zihlala zifana nee-wavelengths eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ke ngoko, xa isibhakabhaka sicacile emva kwemvula okanye umoya ucacile ekwindla (kukho ii-particles ezimbalwa ezirhabaxa emoyeni, ikakhulu ii-molecular scattering), phantsi kwempembelelo enamandla yokusasazeka kwee-molecules zomoya, ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuyasasazeka ukuze kuzalise isibhakabhaka, kwaye isibhakabhaka sibonakala siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Le nto yaziwa ngokuba yi-Rayleigh scattering.
Kwiimeko ezingabonakali kakuhle, amasuntswana amanzi ayanda ngobukhulu ade angasafani ngobukhulu namasuntswana okukhanya aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kule ndawo, ayafana ngobukhulu namasuntswana okukhanya atyheli-orenji-bomvu. Amasuntswana amanzi adla ngokusasazeka aze acinezele ukukhanya kwezi bhanti, kodwa adlule ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Yiyo loo nto ukukhanya kwelanga ngamanye amaxesha kunokubonakala kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye kuluhlaza ngenxa yenkungu.
Ukususela kubukhulu bamasuntswana amanzi ukuya kubude be-wavelength, izibane zendlela ze-LED zezona zilungileyo kwiimeko zokubonakala okuphantsi. Ubushushu bombala kunye noyilo lokukhanya kudala iimeko ezilungileyo zendlela ngexesha lemvula kunye nenkungu. Ngokuphucula ukubonakala, izibane zendlela ze-LED zigcina iindlela zikhuselekile kwiimvula zemvula nakwiindawo ezinenkungu.
Ukuba unomdla kwisibane sendlela se-LED, wamkelekile ukuba uqhagamshelane nomenzi wesibane sendlela se-LED uTIANXIANG ukuze akuncede.Funda ngokugqithisileyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-02-2023